What is decreased bone density?
Decreased bone density, also known as osteopenia or osteoporosis, is a condition where the bones become weaker and have lower density, making them more prone to fractures. This happens when new bone creation cannot keep up with old bone removal.
There are a few key things to understand about decreased bone density:
- Causes - There are several factors that contribute to low bone density, including aging, hormonal changes, genetics, poor nutrition, and lack of physical activity. Women are at higher risk due to menopause and estrogen loss.
- Symptoms - Often there are no obvious symptoms until a fracture occurs. Some common signs are back pain, loss of height, and stooped posture. Fractures often happen in the hips, wrists, and spine.
- Diagnosis - Decreased bone density is diagnosed through a bone mineral density (BMD) test, which uses X-rays or CT scans to precisely measure mineral levels in sections of bone. Based on the results, the doctor may diagnose osteopenia or osteoporosis.
- Treatment - Treatment focuses on preventing further bone loss and fractures. Weight-bearing exercise can stimulate bone growth. Getting enough calcium and vitamin D improves bone strength. In some cases, medication may be prescribed to increase bone density.
- Prevention - Building strong bones while young and taking steps to keep them strong later is key. Regular exercise, especially weight-bearing activities, and getting sufficient calcium and vitamins through food or supplements helps maintain bone mass. Limiting alcohol and not smoking also support bone health.
In summary, decreased bone density leaves bones more vulnerable to painful, debilitating fractures. Staying active, eating nutrient-rich foods, and getting bone scans periodically can help prevent its progression. If diagnosed with low bone density, be sure to consult your doctor about diet changes, supplements, medications or specific exercises that can improve bone strength. Minor adjustments earlier on can help avoid fractures and related issues down the road.